The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV-TR, categorizes Substance Use Disorders and Substance-Related Disorders as follows:

1) Substance Use Disorders include:

• Substance Abuse: Maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by one or more of the following social or interpersonal problems caused by use of substance, within a 12 month period:
  • Recurrent substance use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school or home.
  • Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous
  • Recurrent substance related legal problems.
  • Continued substance use despite persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance.
    
    
• Substance Dependence: Maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to impairment as manifested by three or more of the following in any 12 month period of time:
  • Tolerance- either 1) marked need to increase amounts of substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect or 2) markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of substance
  • Withdrawal- either 1) characteristic withdrawal symptoms of a specific substance or 2) use of  the same or similar substance to avoid withdrawal symptoms
  • Substance taken in a larger amounts or over a longer period of time than was intended
  • Persistent desire or unsuccessful effort to cut down or control use
  • Excessive time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance or recover from its effects
  • Important social, occupational or recreational activities are given up or reduced
  • Substance use continues despite knowledge of having persistent physical and/or psychological problems caused by the substance

2) Substance-Related Disorders include, but are not limited to:

• Intoxication
• Withdrawal
• Delirium and dementia
• Amnestic disorder
• Psychotic disorder
• Mood disorder
• Anxiety disorder
• Sexual dysfunction
• Sleep disorder